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Erosion and sedimentation are natural slow occurring phenomena, but this process has accelerated in recent times due to human intervention or climate change. To combat such problems, different types of protection systems exist which includes rock, concrete or steel structures, gabions, geotextile containers, etc.
Geotextile containers are soft engineered solutions where the system is constructed by individual sandbag/tube. The surface of such a system is able to accommodate vegetation growth and it is highly adaptive to deformation while maintaining the system’s integrity. Concrete mattress can be an alternative.
Coastal protection focuses on preventing shoreline retreat/erosion. The function of the material is similar to riverbank protection with additional design consideration towards more rigorous hydraulic action and higher UV exposure.
A variety of materials can be utilised depending on the hydraulic condition. The choices of geotextile are also highly customisable depending on the UV irradiation or required performance.
When a structure obstructs the natural water flow, scour occurs. Scouring is an action where the hydrodynamic actions remove the bedding material surrounding a structure. It can be prevented by installing an apron in front or around the structure using materials such as geotextile bags or concrete mattress.
The material needs to be properly dimensioned to resist both water flow and protect the area from scouring action.
Dewatering sludge using geotextile fabricated large tubes is a specialise geosynthetic application where sludge material is filled in a few stages into the tube. With carefully tailored geotextile with or without polymer package, the sludge is then consolidated and contained inside the tube.
This method provides both economical advantage and dewatering efficiency over the traditional method. Sludge types suitable for this method range from municipal solid waste, agricultural animal waste, industrial wastewater, mine tailing, river and marine dredged sludge, etc.
A highly flexible and permeable curtain barrier made from geotextile to trap and prevent migration of sediment from the worksite into the surrounding water environment. The geosynthetic material made barrier is especially effective in moving water conditions. This prevents an increase in suspended solids in the water body due to construction work within the vicinity.
Depending on the water flow and wave action, the curtain barrier has the option of being anchored to form a longer barrier to effectively control the sediment in a bigger construction area.
Geotextiles made into various shapes and sizes are used for marine pipeline support and protection. In offshore, carefully chosen geotextiles are shaped into pipe sleeves or saddle form to protect the pipeline against external impact. For nearshore, these products are used as span rectification solutions, either to reduce the pipeline span or replace the existing subsided support. The bags or mattresses filled with sand or grout can then be placed by divers or ROV. Often this application required a deep understanding of fabrication where precision and workmanship are influencing factors.
Separation is one of the most prominent usages of geotextiles and its purpose is to separate dissimilar materials from intermixing, often soft cohesive material from the good fill material. This guarantees a lasting performance of the fill material.
The selection of geotextile correlates to different loading conditions where puncture strength, opening size and permeability are the main properties.
When dealing with very soft soil (CBR < 3%), constructability becomes an issue where both reinforcement and separation need to be given.
Designing layer(s) of stabilisation geosynthetics reinforcement into the reinforced fill layer provides the same functionality with a thicker unreinforced fill. This results in a direct saving of fill material, labour cost and machinery cost plus indirect saving of time, transportation and carbon footprint.
The function of the base course in the pavement is to provide sufficient load bearing capacity to have load acting on top distributes evenly across the layer. When the base course layer is subject to loading, lateral movement of the base material could occur.
Base course reinforcement restricts lateral movement with thinner base course thickness compared to an unreinforced section.
Horizontally laid geosynthetics reinforcements are used to reinforced walls and slopes. It is gaining in popularity as not only do they provide natural appearances for the landscapes, but it also increases land usage and decreases site development costs. Geosynthetics reinforced wall can be constructed up to 90° and slope up to 70°. The long-term design life of up to 120 years can be designed.
A variety of facings can be chosen from green vegetated facing to segmental block facing or gabion facing.
Construction of embankments over soft soil is getting common with the rising need for better infrastructure connections and increased scarcity of land. Embankment serves different purposes from infrastructure to hydraulic applications.
High strength geosynthetics material laid at the base of the embankment as basal reinforcement ensures the embankment is stable against slip failure of lateral sliding. This makes sure the performance is guaranteed throughout the design lifetime up to 120 years.
Protection of the environment from contaminant plumes resulting from water seeping through the contaminated body is important.
Geosynthetic clay liner consists of very low permeability bentonite or geomembrane that can effectively contain leachate from contaminating water sources.
Active geo-composite liner can be used as an adsorption barrier where the polluted material cannot be transported or in location where oil leakage happens.
Packaging is an important component to provide protection and ensure security of the product from any possible detrimental effects during handling and transportation. They are designed for durability, maximising the benefits of protection packaging that is able to withstand harsh environment.
Choices of packaging are often customisable, offering great flexibility to the client. Giving the option for the most effective way to protect your product.
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